Space 2.0! Illusions

Obviously, space is something we're all familiar with, and it takes no technical explanations to understand that in art, there is a certain creation of space that takes place.  How realistic that spacialization is, is up to the artist; a piece may be very realistic, or it may be exaggeratedly unrealistic.  There are three types of space that I'll talk about today, based on Mary Stewart's explanations in Launching the Imagination.

The first illusion of space is Amplified Perspective: "the exaggerated us of linear perspective to achieve a dramatic and engaging presentation of the subject" (Stewart).  Essentially, amplified perspective uses a realistic understanding of space, but in an unusual way.  For example, you may use a birds eye view, or slightly distort a simple linear perspective to show more space than one could realisitically see.  Stewart uses the example Christ of St. John of the Cross by Salvador Dali.

Another illusion of space is Fractured Space: "when multiple viewpoints are combined in a single image" (Stewart).  David Hockney is practically the king of fractured space, and has made many many phenomenal photo compilations like the one below.  This is a spacial trick that is a lot easier to create with photos than with painting, because you can use lots of photos of the same thing from different angles to create the look, instead of trying to imagine a different angle and paint it.  Henry Moore Much Hadham 23rd July 1982:

The final illusion of space is Layered Space: "when the foreground, middle ground, and background are clearly defined" (Stewart).  Layered space is in most normal things, like movies, paintings, etc.  Because generally, every realistic space has an obvious foreground, middle ground, and background it is easily depicted and noticeable in a piece.  Mary Stewart further explains how layered space, like a movie scene with people in it can emphasize a narative through the placement of the people within the layered space.  For example, someone in the middle ground could be emotionally standing between the two people in the foreground and the background.

This has been a test, I repeat, a test of the spacial recognition system within your art knowledge.